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Realms
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1997-05-11
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/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* *
* $Id: Realms 1.4 1997/05/11 14:00:35 heinz Exp $
* */
/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
Using Envoy in Internetworked situations
----------------------------------------
If you are using Envoy in a situation where machines are on different
physical networks, or where you want to configure groups of
machines independent of each other on any number of networks, you
will need to configure NIPC to use Realms. If all of your machines
are on the same network and if you don't have machine groups to
separate, you may ignore the rest of this file.
Note that all routing *MUST* be set up correctly before you can set up
Realms. So please check if all your gateways and default routing on the
different machines are set up correctly. Each machine should be able to
reach any other machine, which usually means that the default
gateway for machines on one physical network should be set to the
machine on the network being connected to any other physical
networks.
What is a Realm?
----------------
A Realm is a collection of one or more machines on any number of
networks that are set up to act as if they were on one logical
network. This is done by having a single machine extend NIPC's
inquiry capabilites to multiple physical networks and using the
Realm name for the resulting logical network. To access a machine
on a specific Realm, you use both the Realm name and the machine's
name:
"Vehicles:Chrysler" Machine Chrysler on Realm Vehicles
Configuring a Realm
-------------------
Whenever a machine ona Realm needs to reach any other machine, it
queries its Realm Server. The Realm Server knows about all the
machines belonging to the Realms it serves, and also about Realm
servers for other Realms that may need to be reached.
To make this possible, each machine on the Realm needs to be
configured via "Network Configuration" to access its Realm Server
to obtain network information.
The Realm Server needs to know about all networks and machines on
the realms it serves. Their network and machine addresses are
entered within the Realm Configuration Panel in the lefthand
listview, named "Local Realms".
You may have to enter a machine address instead of its network
address, if the machine cannot be reached with a network broadcast
address. This could happen on, e.g., PPP connections to that
machine.
For queries not resolved by this Realm Server, the righthand
listview for "Remote Realms" is used. Here you can enter the Realm
names and addresses of any other Realm Servers for Realms that need
to be reachable. The query for respective realms will be forwarded
to those Realm Servers then.
Note that you can create asymmetric setups where Realm A can reach
Realm B, but not vice versa. You can also configure "Sub" Realm
Servers containing only part of the realm information that are
contacted by the main server for a Realm. This may or may not be
what you want. So be careful and plan ahead!
An Example Configuration
------------------------
To accomplish this, the machine that is to be designated as a
Realm Server has to be provided with a list of the network addresses
of all networks within a Realm. Consider the diagram below.
Backbone Network (135.7.10.0)
----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------
| |
| |
+- Harley (135.7.11.2) |
| |
Kawasaki -+ +- Chrysler (135.7.12.3)
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+- Yamaha Pontiac -+
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Honda -+ +- Saturn
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Subnet (135.7.11.0) Subnet (135.7.12.0)
On this network, a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 is being used, so that the
first three bytes of the IP address are used to designate each physical
network.
If you wanted the two networks 135.7.11.0 and 135.7.12.0 to act as a
single Realm named Vehicles, you would choose a machine to act as the
Realm Server. This machine may be on either network, or may even be
on a different network altogether, as long as all of the machines on
both networks are able to communicate with it.
For simplicity, we'll choose Harley to be the Realm Server.
To configure this, you will first need to run the Network
Configuration utility on Harley. Harley needs to use and be the
Realm Server at the same time. Please set the checkboxes in the
configuration screen accordingly and Enter "Vehicles" as Realm
Name. Don't forget to set Harley's own address into the Realm
Server gadget, as it is the Realm Server for its own Realm. Next
switch to the Realm Configuration panel, where you will see two
listview gadgets.
What you would need to do is add two entries to the lefthand listview
with the following information:
Vehicles 135.7.11.0
Vehicles 135.7.12.0
"Vehicles" should be entered into the lefthand string gadget, and
the network addresses should be entered into the righthand string gadget
under the lefthand listview. This tells the Realm Server Harley how to
reach the physical networks belonging to the Realm.
Now, for each machine on both networks, you must run the NIPC configuration
program, and on the first panel, set the Realm Name to "Vehicle" and the
Realm Server Address to 135.7.11.2. (This should also be done on Harley).
The Remote Realms listview is used for informing a Realm Server of Realms
that are being controlled by other machines. For example, if you decided
that you had a third network with an address of 135.7.13.0 and wanted to
have it called "Boats", you could add an Entry to the Remote Realms listivew
similar to the following:
Boats 135.7.13.5
Where 135.7.13.5 is the IP address of the machine that is controlling the
Boats Realm. Likewise, that machine should have an entry for "Vehicles"
in it's list of Remote Realms that looked like this:
Vehicles 135.7.11.2
Where 135.7.11.2 is the address of Harley.